OOPS Concepts In Java

OOPS Concepts In Java: Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a popular programming paradigm for developing robust, modular, and maintainable software applications. In OOP, the code is organized around objects that interact with one another to perform tasks. Java, one of the most widely used programming languages, is a prime example of an OOP language. It offers an extensive range of OOP concepts and features, including encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.

These concepts enable developers to write scalable, easy-to-maintain, and reusable code. In this context, this article will provide an overview of OOP concepts in Java, highlighting their benefits and how to implement them in software development.

What is Object Oriented Programming?

OOPS stands for Object-Oriented Programming System. It’s a vital topic because you can not design systems in the object-oriented programming model without any idea about OOPS concepts. OOPS, is mainly based on “objects,” which contain data members and methods. The primary purpose of OOPS is to increase Java programs’ maintainability, readability, reusability, and flexibility.

Java Object makes the language more understandable because it brings data members and methods in a single location, making it easy to understand how the program works.

OOPS Concepts

Let’s look into the object-oriented programming systems one by one so that you will not face difficulties understanding the OOPS concepts.

What is a Class?

A class is a blueprint or a template for creating objects with a common set of properties (data) and behaviors (methods). A class defines the structure and behavior of an object, including its attributes and operations.

For example, if we were to create a class for a car, we might define its attributes as make, model, color, and year. We could also define its operations or methods: start, stop, accelerate, and brake.

A Class also includes different components like:

• Modifiers
• Class Name
• Super-class
• Interfaces
• Body

Also, the Classes are an essential aspect of object-oriented programming because they provide a way to organize and encapsulate code. They allow for creation of complex systems by breaking them down into smaller, more manageable parts, making writing, maintaining, and reusing code easier.

class Class_Name
{
   member variables;
   methods();
}

Once a class is defined, we can create instances of that class, known as objects. Each object created from the same class will have its own set of attributes and methods, but they will share the same structure and behavior defined in the class.

What is an Object?

An object is a class instance with its own set of properties (data) and behaviors (methods). An object is created from a class and represents a specific entity or concept in the real world. Objects are essential to object-oriented programming because they provide a way to represent real-world entities and concepts in code.

They also allow for encapsulation, which means that the internal details of an object can be hidden from other parts of the code, making it easier to maintain and modify the codebase. Objects can interact with each other and perform tasks, allowing for the creation of complex systems by combining smaller, reusable objects.

For example, if we have a class for a car, an object of that class might represent a specific car with its own make, model, color, and year. Each object of the car class will have its own set of attributes, but they will share the same structure and behavior defined in the class.

What is Constructor?

Constructors look like methods, but constructors are not methods. a constructor is a special method that is called when an object of a class is created. A constructor’s purpose is to initialize an object’s properties to a specific value or state.

There are some pre-defining rules for constructors like the name of constructors should be the same as the class name, and it does not return any value. Different types of constructors are present, like default constructors, no-args constructors, and parameterized constructors.

Abstraction

The main aim of abstraction is to hide the complexity from the user and show them the relevant information for the user. Let’s take a single example of a Phone, where you dial the number and talk to someone, but we are not worried about the inner implementation. Therefore abstraction helps you to reduce the complexity.

Encapsulation

Encapsulation is nothing but a mechanism where you bind the data member (Variables) and member function (Methods) together in a single unit. This mainly aims to hide your data to protect it from any other modification. In simple words, when we are creating a class, we are doing encapsulation.

Inheritance

The process of acquiring another class’s data member and member function is called inheritance. Because of inheritance, we can achieve the re-usability of the code of an existing class. If the subclass has some unique feature that needs to be implemented, then in the child class, we have defined the new features only, and the rest of the things you can inherit from the parent class.

Polymorphism

Polymorphism means “many forms”, It’s another feature of Object-oriented programming feature by which we can do a single action differently. There are two various forms of Polymorphism. Is there

• Method Overloading
• Method Overriding

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