Software Testing Technique & Different Types: The Specification Based Software Testing Technique also has some synonyms like Behavior-Based Testing of Black box testing or input/output-driven testing techniques.
The Specification Based Testing comes under the black box testing because, during the testing process, the tester does not know the components structure or the codes of that module or units.
In this Software Testing Technique, the testers are concentrating on what the software or application is doing, not how it does it. If you look at the definition of the Specification Based Testing, it mentions both the Functional Testing and Non-Functional Testing.
In Functional Testing, we are trying to test or verify that the application is working as expected or not; that is what the system does its features or functions. In Non-Functional Testing, we are trying to verify hows the application performance, usability, portability or maintainability, etc. or in simple words, we can say that how well the system does.
The Specification-based techniques are appropriate for all levels of testing ( Unit Testing, Integration testing, System Testing, or Acceptance testing ) where there are some specifications exist.
As we know that exhaustive testing is not possible, so the software testing technique helps us to design better test cases. These techniques help us to reduce the number of test cases when we are trying to increase the test coverage.
In this post, we are going to discuss certain testing techniques we are implementing as part of the manual testing to get a better test case. So we are using those test techniques as per the requirement and best suite for the specific scenario. Some of the techniques which we are used mostly:
Software Testing Technique
Different Types of Specification Based Testing Techniques
- Boundary Value Analysis (BVA)
- Equivalence Class Partitioning
- Decision Table based testing.
- State Transition
- Error Guessing
Boundary Value Analysis (BVA)
it is based on the testing of valid and invalid boundary values. Every partition has the minimum, and maximum benefits are the boundaries for a partition.
If the value comes within the boundary, then that’s a valid value, and if the value comes out of the boundary value, then that is an invalid boundary value. So boundary value includes maximum, minimum, inside and outside boundaries, valid values, and invalid values.
When a test an application, he can found that most of the errors occur while verifying the boundary values rather than valid values. So during this technique, we are mostly focused on the test cases which exercise on the boundary values.
This technique is based on the principle that if a system works well for the boundary values, then it will work perfectly for all those values which come between two boundary values.
If there is an input condition between two boundaries the test cases should be written in such a way that it can consider the values of the boundary, boundary value + 1 and boundary value -1
Example: suppose the input value is 2, 9
Then the boundary value should be 1, 2, 3 and 8,9,10
Equivalence Class Partitioning (ECP)
It is also called as Equivalence Partitioning. It is also one type of black-box testing techniques. In equivalence partitioning, the input data which is given to the application is divided into equivalence classes.
By using this technique, it helps us to test the software within a short time period by using less and effective test cases. So this technique should be used first because, in this technique, we are testing one condition for each partition if that works then all will work, and if one is not work from that partition that none of that from partition will work.
Example: Suppose an input field accepts values between 5-9
Valid Values- 5, 6,7,8,9
Invalid Values- Except Valid Values
Decision Table based testing
It is a good way when we are dealing with a different combination of input data. In this technique, we are store all the behavior in a tabular form of different input combinations and their corresponding result. This table is also called as cause-effect.
Decision table testing is a black-box testing technique to determine the test scenario for the complex business logic. BVA and ECP used for that system when we are getting the same result for a large set of values and Decision tables are used when we are getting a different result for each set of inputs.
This table can be used during the development of functionalities since it is easy to understand and covered all the possible combinations.
State Transition
It is also a black box testing where if you change in the input condition, then you can observe the changes in an application under test (AUT). During this testing technique, the testers give both positive and negative inputs and record the output
Error Guessing
This technique is also a black box testing technique. In this technique, the testers guess about the error in the code, and it is also an experience-based testing technique where the testers have good knowledge and experience based on that application and domain. According to that, he can guess the problematic part of the testing application. Based on the experience, the testers write test cases for possible errors.
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